Bismuth (Bi, Z = 83)
Métal pauvre Bloc p Groupe 15 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.
Découvreur : Claude François Geoffroy
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 209,0 u
- Densité
- 9,780 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 544,7 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 1 837,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 25,52 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 2,020
- Affinité électronique
- 90,92 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 703 ; 1 610 ; 2 466 ; 4 370 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 32 · O : 18 · P : 5
- Aspect
- lustrous silver
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 753 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 208,50 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 208,980 u et à l'isotope dominant 208Bi. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,895
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (41)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 184Bi | 184 | 101 | 184,001347 | — | 6.6 ms | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 185Bi | 185 | 102 | 184,997600 | — | — | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 186Bi | 186 | 103 | 185,996623 | — | 14.8 ms | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 187Bi | 187 | 104 | 186,993147 | — | 37 ms | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 188Bi | 188 | 105 | 187,992276 | — | 60 ms | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 189Bi | 189 | 106 | 188,989195 | — | 688 ms | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 190Bi | 190 | 107 | 189,988625 | — | 6.3 s | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 191Bi | 191 | 108 | 190,985787 | — | 12.4 s | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 192Bi | 192 | 109 | 191,985470 | — | 34.6 s | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 193Bi | 193 | 110 | 192,982947 | — | 63.6 s | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 194Bi | 194 | 111 | 193,982799 | — | 95 s | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 195Bi | 195 | 112 | 194,980649 | — | 183 s | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 196Bi | 196 | 113 | 195,980667 | — | 5.13 min | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 197Bi | 197 | 114 | 196,978865 | — | 9.33 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 198Bi | 198 | 115 | 197,979201 | — | 10.3 min | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 199Bi | 199 | 116 | 198,977673 | — | 27 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 200Bi | 200 | 117 | 199,978131 | — | 36.4 min | 7 | ⁺ | — |
| 201Bi | 201 | 118 | 200,976995 | — | 103 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 202Bi | 202 | 119 | 201,977723 | — | 1.72 h | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 203Bi | 203 | 120 | 202,976892 | — | 11.76 h | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 204Bi | 204 | 121 | 203,977836 | — | 11.22 h | 6 | ⁺ | — |
| 205Bi | 205 | 122 | 204,977385 | — | 14.91 j | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 206Bi | 206 | 123 | 205,978499 | — | 6.243 j | 6 | ⁺ | — |
| 207Bi | 207 | 124 | 206,978471 | — | 31.22 an | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 208Bi | 208 | 125 | 207,979742 | — | 368 ka | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 209Bi | 209 | 126 | 208,980399 | 100,0000 | 20.1 Eyear | 9/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 210Bi | 210 | 127 | 209,984120 | — | 5.012 j | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 211Bi | 211 | 128 | 210,987269 | — | 2.14 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 212Bi | 212 | 129 | 211,991285 | — | 60.55 min | 1 | — | |
| 213Bi | 213 | 130 | 212,994384 | — | 45.6 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 214Bi | 214 | 131 | 213,998711 | — | 19.9 min | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 215Bi | 215 | 132 | 215,001749 | — | 7.62 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 216Bi | 216 | 133 | 216,006306 | — | 2.21 min | 6 | ⁻ | — |
| 217Bi | 217 | 134 | 217,009372 | — | 98.5 s | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 218Bi | 218 | 135 | 218,014188 | — | 33 s | 8 | ⁻ | — |
| 219Bi | 219 | 136 | 219,017520 | — | 8.7 s | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 220Bi | 220 | 137 | 220,022501 | — | 9.5 s | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 221Bi | 221 | 138 | 221,025980 | — | — | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 222Bi | 222 | 139 | 222,031079 | — | — | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 223Bi | 223 | 140 | 223,034611 | — | — | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 224Bi | 224 | 141 | 224,039796 | — | — | 1 | ⁻ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.