Thallium (Tl, Z = 81)
81
Tl
204,380 u
Métal pauvre Bloc p Groupe 13 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.
Découvreur : William Crookes
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 204,4 u
- Densité
- 11,85 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 577,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 1 746,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 26,32 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,620
- Affinité électronique
- 36,40 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 589 ; 1 971 ; 2 878 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 32 · O : 18 · P : 3
- Aspect
- silvery white
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 678 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 204,33 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 204,380 u et à l'isotope dominant 205Tl. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,898
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (43)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 176Tl | 176 | 95 | 176,000628 | — | 6.2 ms | 3 | ⁻ | — |
| 177Tl | 177 | 96 | 176,996414 | — | 18 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 178Tl | 178 | 97 | 177,995047 | — | 255 ms | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 179Tl | 179 | 98 | 178,991122 | — | 437 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 180Tl | 180 | 99 | 179,989919 | — | 1.09 s | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 181Tl | 181 | 100 | 180,986260 | — | 2.9 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 182Tl | 182 | 101 | 181,985693 | — | 1.9 s | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 183Tl | 183 | 102 | 182,982193 | — | 6.9 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 184Tl | 184 | 103 | 183,981875 | — | 9.5 s | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 185Tl | 185 | 104 | 184,978789 | — | 19.5 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 186Tl | 186 | 105 | 185,978655 | — | 3.5 s | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 187Tl | 187 | 106 | 186,975905 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 188Tl | 188 | 107 | 187,976021 | — | 71 s | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 189Tl | 189 | 108 | 188,973574 | — | 2.3 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 190Tl | 190 | 109 | 189,973842 | — | 2.6 min | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 191Tl | 191 | 110 | 190,971784 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 192Tl | 192 | 111 | 191,972225 | — | 9.6 min | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 193Tl | 193 | 112 | 192,970502 | — | 21.6 min | 1/2 | — | |
| 194Tl | 194 | 113 | 193,971081 | — | 33 min | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 195Tl | 195 | 114 | 194,969774 | — | 1.16 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 196Tl | 196 | 115 | 195,970481 | — | 1.84 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 197Tl | 197 | 116 | 196,969560 | — | 2.84 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 198Tl | 198 | 117 | 197,970447 | — | 5.3 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 199Tl | 199 | 118 | 198,969877 | — | 7.42 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 200Tl | 200 | 119 | 199,970964 | — | 26.1 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 201Tl | 201 | 120 | 200,970820 | — | 3.0421 j | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 202Tl | 202 | 121 | 201,972109 | — | 12.31 j | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 203Tl | 203 | 122 | 202,972344 | 29,5150 | stable | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 204Tl | 204 | 123 | 203,973863 | — | 3.783 an | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 205Tl | 205 | 124 | 204,974427 | 70,4850 | stable | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 206Tl | 206 | 125 | 205,976110 | — | 4.202 min | 0 | ⁻ | — |
| 207Tl | 207 | 126 | 206,977419 | — | 4.77 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 208Tl | 208 | 127 | 207,982018 | — | 3.053 min | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 209Tl | 209 | 128 | 208,985352 | — | 2.162 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 210Tl | 210 | 129 | 209,990073 | — | 1.3 min | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 211Tl | 211 | 130 | 210,993475 | — | 81 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 212Tl | 212 | 131 | 211,998335 | — | 31 s | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 213Tl | 213 | 132 | 213,001915 | — | 23.8 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 214Tl | 214 | 133 | 214,006940 | — | 11 s | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 215Tl | 215 | 134 | 215,010768 | — | 9.7 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 216Tl | 216 | 135 | 216,015964 | — | 5.9 s | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 217Tl | 217 | 136 | 217,020032 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 218Tl | 218 | 137 | 218,025454 | — | — | 6 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.