Tungstène (W, Z = 74)
Métal de transition Bloc d Groupe 6 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.
Découvreur : Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 183,8 u
- Densité
- 19,25 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 3 695,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 6 203,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 24,27 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 2,360
- Affinité électronique
- 78,76 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 770 ; 1 700 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 32 · O : 12 · P : 2
- Aspect
- grayish white, lustrous
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 299 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 183,28 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 183,841 u et à l'isotope dominant 184W. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,910
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (41)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 157W | 157 | 83 | 156,978862 | — | 275 ms | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 158W | 158 | 84 | 157,974565 | — | 1.43 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 159W | 159 | 85 | 158,972696 | — | 8.2 ms | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 160W | 160 | 86 | 159,968514 | — | 90 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 161W | 161 | 87 | 160,967249 | — | 409 ms | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 162W | 162 | 88 | 161,963500 | — | 1.19 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 163W | 163 | 89 | 162,962524 | — | 2.63 s | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 164W | 164 | 90 | 163,958952 | — | 6.3 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 165W | 165 | 91 | 164,958281 | — | 5.1 s | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 166W | 166 | 92 | 165,955032 | — | 19.2 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 167W | 167 | 93 | 166,954811 | — | 19.9 s | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 168W | 168 | 94 | 167,951805 | — | 50.9 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 169W | 169 | 95 | 168,951779 | — | 74 s | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 170W | 170 | 96 | 169,949231 | — | 2.42 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 171W | 171 | 97 | 170,949451 | — | 2.38 min | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 172W | 172 | 98 | 171,947292 | — | 6.6 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 173W | 173 | 99 | 172,947689 | — | 7.6 min | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 174W | 174 | 100 | 173,946079 | — | 33.2 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 175W | 175 | 101 | 174,946717 | — | 35.2 min | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 176W | 176 | 102 | 175,945634 | — | 2.5 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 177W | 177 | 103 | 176,946643 | — | 132.4 min | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 178W | 178 | 104 | 177,945886 | — | 21.6 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 179W | 179 | 105 | 178,947079 | — | 37.05 min | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 180W | 180 | 106 | 179,946713 | 0,1200 | 1.59 Eyear | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 181W | 181 | 107 | 180,948219 | — | 120.956 j | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 182W | 182 | 108 | 181,948206 | 26,5000 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 183W | 183 | 109 | 182,950224 | 14,3100 | stable | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 184W | 184 | 110 | 183,950933 | 30,6400 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 185W | 185 | 111 | 184,953421 | — | 75.1 j | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 186W | 186 | 112 | 185,954365 | 28,4300 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 187W | 187 | 113 | 186,957161 | — | 23.809 h | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 188W | 188 | 114 | 187,958488 | — | 69.77 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 189W | 189 | 115 | 188,961557 | — | 11.6 min | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 190W | 190 | 116 | 189,963104 | — | 30 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 191W | 191 | 117 | 190,966531 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 192W | 192 | 118 | 191,968202 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 193W | 193 | 119 | 192,971884 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 194W | 194 | 120 | 193,973795 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 195W | 195 | 121 | 194,977735 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 196W | 196 | 122 | 195,979882 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 197W | 197 | 123 | 196,984036 | — | — | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.