Tantale (Ta, Z = 73)
Métal de transition Bloc d Groupe 5 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.
Découvreur : Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 180,9 u
- Densité
- 16,69 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 3 290,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 5 731,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 25,36 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,500
- Affinité électronique
- 31,00 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 761 ; 1 500 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 32 · O : 11 · P : 2
- Aspect
- gray blue
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 279 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 182,17 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 180,948 u et à l'isotope dominant 181Ta. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,912
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (40)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 155Ta | 155 | 82 | 154,974248 | — | 3.2 ms | 11/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 156Ta | 156 | 83 | 155,972087 | — | 106 ms | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 157Ta | 157 | 84 | 156,968227 | — | 10.1 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 158Ta | 158 | 85 | 157,966593 | — | 49 ms | 2 | — | |
| 159Ta | 159 | 86 | 158,963028 | — | 1.04 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 160Ta | 160 | 87 | 159,961542 | — | 1.7 s | 2 | — | |
| 161Ta | 161 | 88 | 160,958369 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 162Ta | 162 | 89 | 161,957293 | — | 3.57 s | 3 | ⁻ | — |
| 163Ta | 163 | 90 | 162,954337 | — | 10.6 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 164Ta | 164 | 91 | 163,953534 | — | 14.2 s | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 165Ta | 165 | 92 | 164,950780 | — | 31 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 166Ta | 166 | 93 | 165,950512 | — | 34.4 s | 2 | — | |
| 167Ta | 167 | 94 | 166,948093 | — | 1.33 min | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 168Ta | 168 | 95 | 167,948047 | — | 2 min | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 169Ta | 169 | 96 | 168,946011 | — | 4.9 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 170Ta | 170 | 97 | 169,946175 | — | 6.76 min | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 171Ta | 171 | 98 | 170,944476 | — | 23.3 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 172Ta | 172 | 99 | 171,944895 | — | 36.8 min | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 173Ta | 173 | 100 | 172,943750 | — | 3.14 h | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 174Ta | 174 | 101 | 173,944454 | — | 1.14 h | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 175Ta | 175 | 102 | 174,943737 | — | 10.5 h | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 176Ta | 176 | 103 | 175,944857 | — | 8.09 h | 1 | — | |
| 177Ta | 177 | 104 | 176,944482 | — | 56.36 h | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 178Ta | 178 | 105 | 177,945680 | — | 2.36 h | 7 | ⁻ | — |
| 179Ta | 179 | 106 | 178,945939 | — | 1.82 an | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 180Ta | 180 | 107 | 179,947468 | — | 8.154 h | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 181Ta | 181 | 108 | 180,947999 | 99,9880 | stable | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 182Ta | 182 | 109 | 181,950155 | — | 114.74 j | 3 | ⁻ | — |
| 183Ta | 183 | 110 | 182,951375 | — | 5.1 j | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 184Ta | 184 | 111 | 183,954010 | — | 8.7 h | 5 | ⁻ | — |
| 185Ta | 185 | 112 | 184,955561 | — | 49.4 min | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 186Ta | 186 | 113 | 185,958553 | — | 10.5 min | 3 | — | |
| 187Ta | 187 | 114 | 186,960391 | — | 2.3 min | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 188Ta | 188 | 115 | 187,963596 | — | 19.6 s | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 189Ta | 189 | 116 | 188,965690 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 190Ta | 190 | 117 | 189,969168 | — | 5.3 s | 3 | — | |
| 191Ta | 191 | 118 | 190,971530 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 192Ta | 192 | 119 | 191,975201 | — | 2.2 s | 2 | — | |
| 193Ta | 193 | 120 | 192,977660 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 194Ta | 194 | 121 | 193,981610 | — | — | — | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.