Thulium (Tm, Z = 69)
Lanthanide Bloc f Groupe 3 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.
Découvreur : Per Teodor Cleve
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 168,9 u
- Densité
- 9,320 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 1 818,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 2 223,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 27,03 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,250
- Affinité électronique
- 99,00 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 597 ; 1 160 ; 2 285 ; 4 120 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f13 6s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 31 · O : 8 · P : 2
- Aspect
- silvery gray
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 096 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 172,00 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 168,934 u et à l'isotope dominant 169Tm. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,920 · multiple de 18
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (39)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 144Tm | 144 | 75 | 143,976211 | — | 2.3 µs | 10 | ⁺ | — |
| 145Tm | 145 | 76 | 144,970389 | — | 3.17 µs | 11/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 146Tm | 146 | 77 | 145,966661 | — | 155 ms | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 147Tm | 147 | 78 | 146,961380 | — | 580 ms | 11/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 148Tm | 148 | 79 | 147,958384 | — | 700 ms | 10 | ⁺ | — |
| 149Tm | 149 | 80 | 148,952828 | — | 900 ms | 11/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 150Tm | 150 | 81 | 149,950090 | — | — | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 151Tm | 151 | 82 | 150,945494 | — | 4.17 s | 11/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 152Tm | 152 | 83 | 151,944476 | — | 8 s | 2 | — | |
| 153Tm | 153 | 84 | 152,942058 | — | 1.48 s | 11/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 154Tm | 154 | 85 | 153,941570 | — | 8.1 s | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 155Tm | 155 | 86 | 154,939210 | — | 21.6 s | 11/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 156Tm | 156 | 87 | 155,938986 | — | 83.8 s | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 157Tm | 157 | 88 | 156,936973 | — | 3.63 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 158Tm | 158 | 89 | 157,936980 | — | 3.98 min | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 159Tm | 159 | 90 | 158,934975 | — | 9.13 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 160Tm | 160 | 91 | 159,935264 | — | 9.4 min | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 161Tm | 161 | 92 | 160,933549 | — | 30.2 min | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 162Tm | 162 | 93 | 161,934001 | — | 21.7 min | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 163Tm | 163 | 94 | 162,932658 | — | 1.81 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 164Tm | 164 | 95 | 163,933538 | — | 2 min | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 165Tm | 165 | 96 | 164,932442 | — | 30.06 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 166Tm | 166 | 97 | 165,933562 | — | 7.7 h | 2 | ⁺ | — |
| 167Tm | 167 | 98 | 166,932857 | — | 9.25 j | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 168Tm | 168 | 99 | 167,934178 | — | 93.1 j | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 169Tm | 169 | 100 | 168,934219 | 100,0000 | stable | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 170Tm | 170 | 101 | 169,935807 | — | 128.6 j | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 171Tm | 171 | 102 | 170,936435 | — | 1.92 an | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 172Tm | 172 | 103 | 171,938407 | — | 63.6 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 173Tm | 173 | 104 | 172,939607 | — | 8.24 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 174Tm | 174 | 105 | 173,942174 | — | 5.4 min | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 175Tm | 175 | 106 | 174,943842 | — | 15.2 min | 1/2 | — | |
| 176Tm | 176 | 107 | 175,946998 | — | 1.85 min | 4 | ⁺ | — |
| 177Tm | 177 | 108 | 176,948932 | — | 95 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 178Tm | 178 | 109 | 177,952506 | — | — | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 179Tm | 179 | 110 | 178,955018 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 180Tm | 180 | 111 | 179,959023 | — | — | — | — | |
| 181Tm | 181 | 112 | 180,961954 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 182Tm | 182 | 113 | 181,966194 | — | stable | — | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.