Erbium (Er, Z = 68)
Lanthanide Bloc f Groupe 3 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.
Découvreur : Carl Gustaf Mosander
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 167,3 u
- Densité
- 9,066 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 1 802,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 3 141,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 28,12 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,240
- Affinité électronique
- 30,10 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 589 ; 1 150 ; 2 194 ; 4 120 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 4f12 6s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 30 · O : 8 · P : 2
- Aspect
- silvery white
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 3 029 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 168,28 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 167,259 u et à l'isotope dominant 166Er. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,922
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (39)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 142Er | 142 | 74 | 141,970016 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 143Er | 143 | 75 | 142,966548 | — | — | 9/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 144Er | 144 | 76 | 143,960700 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 145Er | 145 | 77 | 144,957874 | — | 900 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 146Er | 146 | 78 | 145,952418 | — | 1.7 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 147Er | 147 | 79 | 146,949964 | — | 3.2 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 148Er | 148 | 80 | 147,944735 | — | 4.6 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 149Er | 149 | 81 | 148,942306 | — | 4 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 150Er | 150 | 82 | 149,937916 | — | 18.5 s | 0 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 151Er | 151 | 83 | 150,937449 | — | 23.5 s | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 152Er | 152 | 84 | 151,935050 | — | 10.3 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 153Er | 153 | 85 | 152,935086 | — | 37.1 s | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 154Er | 154 | 86 | 153,932791 | — | 3.73 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 155Er | 155 | 87 | 154,933216 | — | 5.3 min | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 156Er | 156 | 88 | 155,931066 | — | 19.5 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 157Er | 157 | 89 | 156,931923 | — | 18.65 min | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 158Er | 158 | 90 | 157,929893 | — | 2.29 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 159Er | 159 | 91 | 158,930691 | — | 36 min | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 160Er | 160 | 92 | 159,929077 | — | 28.58 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 161Er | 161 | 93 | 160,930004 | — | 3.21 h | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 162Er | 162 | 94 | 161,928787 | 0,1390 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 163Er | 163 | 95 | 162,930040 | — | 75 min | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 164Er | 164 | 96 | 163,929208 | 1,6010 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 165Er | 165 | 97 | 164,930733 | — | 10.36 h | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 166Er | 166 | 98 | 165,930301 | 33,5030 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 167Er | 167 | 99 | 166,932056 | 22,8690 | stable | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 168Er | 168 | 100 | 167,932378 | 26,9780 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 169Er | 169 | 101 | 168,934598 | — | 9.392 j | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 170Er | 170 | 102 | 169,935472 | 14,9100 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 171Er | 171 | 103 | 170,938037 | — | 7.516 h | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 172Er | 172 | 104 | 171,939363 | — | 49.3 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 173Er | 173 | 105 | 172,942400 | — | 1.434 min | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 174Er | 174 | 106 | 173,944230 | — | 3.2 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 175Er | 175 | 107 | 174,947770 | — | 1.2 min | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 176Er | 176 | 108 | 175,949940 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 177Er | 177 | 109 | 176,953990 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 178Er | 178 | 110 | 177,956779 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 179Er | 179 | 111 | 178,961267 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 180Er | 180 | 112 | 179,964380 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.