Baryum (Ba, Z = 56)
Métal alcalino-terreux Bloc s Groupe 2 Période 6 Solide (CNTP)
Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.
Découvreur : Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 137,3 u
- Densité
- 3,510 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 1 000,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 2 118,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 28,07 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 0,8900
- Affinité électronique
- 13,95 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 503 ; 965 ; 3 600 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Xe] 6s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 18 · O : 8 · P : 2
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 2 455 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 136,39 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 137,328 u et à l'isotope dominant 138Ba. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,949
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (42)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 113Ba | 113 | 57 | 112,957370 | — | — | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 114Ba | 114 | 58 | 113,950718 | — | 460 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 115Ba | 115 | 59 | 114,947482 | — | 450 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 116Ba | 116 | 60 | 115,941621 | — | 1.3 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 117Ba | 117 | 61 | 116,938316 | — | 1.75 s | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 118Ba | 118 | 62 | 117,933226 | — | 5.2 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 119Ba | 119 | 63 | 118,930660 | — | 5.4 s | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 120Ba | 120 | 64 | 119,926045 | — | 24 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 121Ba | 121 | 65 | 120,924052 | — | 29.7 s | 5/2 | — | |
| 122Ba | 122 | 66 | 121,919904 | — | 1.95 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 123Ba | 123 | 67 | 122,918781 | — | 2.7 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 124Ba | 124 | 68 | 123,915094 | — | 11 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 125Ba | 125 | 69 | 124,914472 | — | 3.3 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 126Ba | 126 | 70 | 125,911250 | — | 100 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 127Ba | 127 | 71 | 126,911091 | — | 12.7 min | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 128Ba | 128 | 72 | 127,908352 | — | 2.43 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 129Ba | 129 | 73 | 128,908683 | — | 2.23 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 130Ba | 130 | 74 | 129,906326 | 0,1100 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 131Ba | 131 | 75 | 130,906946 | — | 11.52 j | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 132Ba | 132 | 76 | 131,905061 | 0,1000 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 133Ba | 133 | 77 | 132,906007 | — | 10.5379 an | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 134Ba | 134 | 78 | 133,904508 | 2,4200 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 135Ba | 135 | 79 | 134,905688 | 6,5900 | stable | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 136Ba | 136 | 80 | 135,904576 | 7,8500 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 137Ba | 137 | 81 | 136,905827 | 11,2300 | stable | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 138Ba | 138 | 82 | 137,905247 | 71,7000 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 139Ba | 139 | 83 | 138,908841 | — | 82.93 min | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 140Ba | 140 | 84 | 139,910608 | — | 12.7534 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 141Ba | 141 | 85 | 140,914404 | — | 18.27 min | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 142Ba | 142 | 86 | 141,916433 | — | 10.6 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 143Ba | 143 | 87 | 142,920625 | — | 14.5 s | 5/2 | — | |
| 144Ba | 144 | 88 | 143,922955 | — | 11.73 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 145Ba | 145 | 89 | 144,927518 | — | 4.31 s | 5/2 | — | |
| 146Ba | 146 | 90 | 145,930363 | — | 2.15 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 147Ba | 147 | 91 | 146,935304 | — | 893 ms | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 148Ba | 148 | 92 | 147,938223 | — | 620 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 149Ba | 149 | 93 | 148,943284 | — | 349 ms | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 150Ba | 150 | 94 | 149,946441 | — | 258 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 151Ba | 151 | 95 | 150,951755 | — | 167 ms | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 152Ba | 152 | 96 | 151,955330 | — | 139 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 153Ba | 153 | 97 | 152,960848 | — | 113 ms | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 154Ba | 154 | 98 | 153,964659 | — | 53 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.