Zirconium (Zr, Z = 40)
Métal de transition Bloc d Groupe 4 Période 5 Solide (CNTP)
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored".
Découvreur : Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 91,22 u
- Densité
- 6,520 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 2 128,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 4 650,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 25,36 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,330
- Affinité électronique
- 41,81 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 640 ; 1 270 ; 2 218 ; 3 313 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Kr] 4d2 5s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 10 · O : 2
- Aspect
- silvery white
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 1 624 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 90,22 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 91,224 u et à l'isotope dominant 90Zr. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,995
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (37)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 77Zr | 77 | 37 | 76,966076 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 78Zr | 78 | 38 | 77,956146 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 79Zr | 79 | 39 | 78,949790 | — | 56 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 80Zr | 80 | 40 | 79,941213 | — | 4.6 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 81Zr | 81 | 41 | 80,938245 | — | 5.5 s | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 82Zr | 82 | 42 | 81,931707 | — | 32 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 83Zr | 83 | 43 | 82,929241 | — | 42 s | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 84Zr | 84 | 44 | 83,923326 | — | 25.8 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 85Zr | 85 | 45 | 84,921443 | — | 7.86 min | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 86Zr | 86 | 46 | 85,916297 | — | 16.5 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 87Zr | 87 | 47 | 86,914817 | — | 1.68 h | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 88Zr | 88 | 48 | 87,910221 | — | 83.4 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 89Zr | 89 | 49 | 88,908880 | — | 78.36 h | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 90Zr | 90 | 50 | 89,904699 | 51,4500 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 91Zr | 91 | 51 | 90,905640 | 11,2200 | stable | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 92Zr | 92 | 52 | 91,905035 | 17,1500 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 93Zr | 93 | 53 | 92,906471 | — | 1.61 Ma | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 94Zr | 94 | 54 | 93,906313 | 17,3800 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 95Zr | 95 | 55 | 94,908040 | — | 64.032 j | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 96Zr | 96 | 56 | 95,908278 | 2,8000 | 23.4 Eyear | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 97Zr | 97 | 57 | 96,910964 | — | 16.749 h | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 98Zr | 98 | 58 | 97,912740 | — | 30.7 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 99Zr | 99 | 59 | 98,916675 | — | 2.1 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 100Zr | 100 | 60 | 99,918010 | — | 7.1 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 101Zr | 101 | 61 | 100,921458 | — | 2.29 s | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 102Zr | 102 | 62 | 101,923154 | — | 2.01 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 103Zr | 103 | 63 | 102,927204 | — | 1.38 s | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 104Zr | 104 | 64 | 103,929449 | — | 920 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 105Zr | 105 | 65 | 104,934022 | — | 670 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 106Zr | 106 | 66 | 105,936930 | — | 179 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 107Zr | 107 | 67 | 106,942007 | — | 145.7 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 108Zr | 108 | 68 | 107,945303 | — | 78.5 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 109Zr | 109 | 69 | 108,950907 | — | 56 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 110Zr | 110 | 70 | 109,954675 | — | 37.5 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 111Zr | 111 | 71 | 110,960837 | — | 24 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 112Zr | 112 | 72 | 111,965196 | — | 43 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 113Zr | 113 | 73 | 112,971723 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.