Yttrium (Y, Z = 39)
Métal de transition Bloc d Groupe 3 Période 5 Solide (CNTP)
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.
Découvreur : Johan Gadolin
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 88,91 u
- Densité
- 4,472 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 1 799,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 3 203,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 26,53 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,220
- Affinité électronique
- 29,60 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 600 ; 1 180 ; 1 980 ; 5 847 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Kr] 4d1 5s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 9 · O : 2
- Aspect
- silvery white
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 1 606 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 89,22 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 88,906 u et à l'isotope dominant 89Y. Coefficient k(Z) = 0,998
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (35)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75Y | 75 | 36 | 74,965840 | — | — | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 76Y | 76 | 37 | 75,958937 | — | 28 ms | 1 | ⁻ | — |
| 77Y | 77 | 38 | 76,950146 | — | 63 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 78Y | 78 | 39 | 77,943990 | — | 54 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 79Y | 79 | 40 | 78,937946 | — | 14.8 s | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 80Y | 80 | 41 | 79,934355 | — | 30.1 s | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 81Y | 81 | 42 | 80,929454 | — | 70.4 s | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 82Y | 82 | 43 | 81,926930 | — | 8.3 s | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 83Y | 83 | 44 | 82,922484 | — | 7.08 min | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 84Y | 84 | 45 | 83,920671 | — | 39.5 min | 6 | ⁺ | — |
| 85Y | 85 | 46 | 84,916433 | — | 2.68 h | 1/2 | — | |
| 86Y | 86 | 47 | 85,914886 | — | 14.74 h | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 87Y | 87 | 48 | 86,910876 | — | 79.8 h | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 88Y | 88 | 49 | 87,909501 | — | 106.629 j | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 89Y | 89 | 50 | 88,905838 | 100,0000 | stable | 1/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 90Y | 90 | 51 | 89,907142 | — | 64.05 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 91Y | 91 | 52 | 90,907298 | — | 58.51 j | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 92Y | 92 | 53 | 91,908946 | — | 3.54 h | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 93Y | 93 | 54 | 92,909578 | — | 10.18 h | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 94Y | 94 | 55 | 93,911592 | — | 18.7 min | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 95Y | 95 | 56 | 94,912820 | — | 10.3 min | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 96Y | 96 | 57 | 95,915909 | — | 5.34 s | 0 | ⁻ | — |
| 97Y | 97 | 58 | 96,918287 | — | 3.75 s | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 98Y | 98 | 59 | 97,922395 | — | 548 ms | 0 | ⁻ | — |
| 99Y | 99 | 60 | 98,924161 | — | 1.484 s | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 100Y | 100 | 61 | 99,927728 | — | 940 ms | 4 | — | |
| 101Y | 101 | 62 | 100,930161 | — | 426 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 102Y | 102 | 63 | 101,934328 | — | 360 ms | 5 | ⁻ | — |
| 103Y | 103 | 64 | 102,937244 | — | 239 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 104Y | 104 | 65 | 103,941943 | — | 197 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 105Y | 105 | 66 | 104,945711 | — | 95 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 106Y | 106 | 67 | 105,950842 | — | 75 ms | 2 | ⁺ | — |
| 107Y | 107 | 68 | 106,954943 | — | 33.5 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 108Y | 108 | 69 | 107,960515 | — | 30 ms | 6 | ⁻ | — |
| 109Y | 109 | 70 | 108,965131 | — | 25 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.