Krypton (Kr, Z = 36)
Gaz noble Bloc p Groupe 18 Période 4 Gaz (CNTP)
Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.
Découvreur : William Ramsay
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 83,80 u
- Densité
- 3,749 g/L
- Point de fusion
- 115,8 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 119,9 K
- Chaleur molaire
- —
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 3,000
- Affinité électronique
- -96,00 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 1 351 ; 2 350 ; 3 565 ; 5 070 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 8
- Aspect
- colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 1 464 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 81,33 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 83,798 u et à l'isotope dominant 84Kr. Coefficient k(Z) = 1,009
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (35)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 67Kr | 67 | 31 | 66,983305 | — | 7.4 ms | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 68Kr | 68 | 32 | 67,972489 | — | 21.6 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 69Kr | 69 | 33 | 68,965496 | — | 27.9 ms | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 70Kr | 70 | 34 | 69,955877 | — | 45 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 71Kr | 71 | 35 | 70,950266 | — | 98.8 ms | 5/2 | — | |
| 72Kr | 72 | 36 | 71,942092 | — | 17.16 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 73Kr | 73 | 37 | 72,939289 | — | 27.3 s | 3/2 | — | |
| 74Kr | 74 | 38 | 73,933084 | — | 11.5 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 75Kr | 75 | 39 | 74,930946 | — | 4.6 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 76Kr | 76 | 40 | 75,925911 | — | 14.8 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 77Kr | 77 | 41 | 76,924670 | — | 72.6 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 78Kr | 78 | 42 | 77,920366 | 0,3550 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 79Kr | 79 | 43 | 78,920083 | — | 35.04 h | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 80Kr | 80 | 44 | 79,916378 | 2,2860 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 81Kr | 81 | 45 | 80,916590 | — | 229 ka | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 82Kr | 82 | 46 | 81,913481 | 11,5930 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 83Kr | 83 | 47 | 82,914127 | 11,5000 | stable | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 84Kr | 84 | 48 | 83,911498 | 56,9870 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 85Kr | 85 | 49 | 84,912527 | — | 10.728 an | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 86Kr | 86 | 50 | 85,910611 | 17,2790 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 87Kr | 87 | 51 | 86,913355 | — | 76.3 min | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 88Kr | 88 | 52 | 87,914448 | — | 2.825 h | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 89Kr | 89 | 53 | 88,917835 | — | 3.15 min | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 90Kr | 90 | 54 | 89,919528 | — | 32.32 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 91Kr | 91 | 55 | 90,923806 | — | 8.57 s | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 92Kr | 92 | 56 | 91,926173 | — | 1.84 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 93Kr | 93 | 57 | 92,931147 | — | 1.287 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 94Kr | 94 | 58 | 93,934140 | — | 212 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 95Kr | 95 | 59 | 94,939711 | — | 114 ms | 1/2 | — | |
| 96Kr | 96 | 60 | 95,943014 | — | 80 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 97Kr | 97 | 61 | 96,949089 | — | 62.2 ms | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 98Kr | 98 | 62 | 97,952635 | — | 42.8 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 99Kr | 99 | 63 | 98,958776 | — | 40 ms | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 100Kr | 100 | 64 | 99,962995 | — | 12 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 101Kr | 101 | 65 | 100,969318 | — | — | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.