Sélénium (Se, Z = 34)
Non-métal polyatomique Bloc p Groupe 16 Période 4 Solide (CNTP)
Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.
Découvreur : Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 78,97 u
- Densité
- 4,810 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 494,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 958,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 25,36 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 2,550
- Affinité électronique
- 195,0 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 941 ; 2 045 ; 2 974 ; 4 144 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 18 · N : 6
- Aspect
- black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 1 422 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 79,00 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 78,972 u et à l'isotope dominant 80Se. Coefficient k(Z) = 1,017 · multiple de 18
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (33)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63Se | 63 | 29 | 62,981911 | — | 13.2 ms | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 64Se | 64 | 30 | 63,971165 | — | 22.6 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 65Se | 65 | 31 | 64,964552 | — | 34.2 ms | 3/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 66Se | 66 | 32 | 65,955276 | — | 54 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 67Se | 67 | 33 | 66,949994 | — | 133 ms | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 68Se | 68 | 34 | 67,941825 | — | 35.5 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 69Se | 69 | 35 | 68,939415 | — | 27.4 s | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 70Se | 70 | 36 | 69,933516 | — | 41.1 min | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 71Se | 71 | 37 | 70,932209 | — | 4.74 min | 5/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 72Se | 72 | 38 | 71,927141 | — | 8.4 j | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 73Se | 73 | 39 | 72,926755 | — | 7.15 h | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 74Se | 74 | 40 | 73,922476 | 0,8600 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 75Se | 75 | 41 | 74,922523 | — | 119.78 j | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 76Se | 76 | 42 | 75,919214 | 9,2300 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 77Se | 77 | 43 | 76,919914 | 7,6000 | stable | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 78Se | 78 | 44 | 77,917309 | 23,6900 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 79Se | 79 | 45 | 78,918499 | — | 327 ka | 7/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 80Se | 80 | 46 | 79,916522 | 49,8000 | stable | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 81Se | 81 | 47 | 80,917993 | — | 18.45 min | 1/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 82Se | 82 | 48 | 81,916700 | 8,8200 | 87.6 Eyear | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 83Se | 83 | 49 | 82,919119 | — | 22.25 min | 9/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 84Se | 84 | 50 | 83,918467 | — | 3.26 min | 0 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 85Se | 85 | 51 | 84,922261 | — | 32.9 s | 5/2 | — | |
| 86Se | 86 | 52 | 85,924312 | — | 14.3 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 87Se | 87 | 53 | 86,928689 | — | 5.5 s | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 88Se | 88 | 54 | 87,931417 | — | 1.53 s | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 89Se | 89 | 55 | 88,936669 | — | 430 ms | 5/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 90Se | 90 | 56 | 89,940096 | — | 210 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 91Se | 91 | 57 | 90,945700 | — | 270 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 92Se | 92 | 58 | 91,949840 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 93Se | 93 | 59 | 92,956135 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 94Se | 94 | 60 | 93,960490 | — | — | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 95Se | 95 | 61 | 94,967300 | — | — | 3/2 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.