Scandium (Sc, Z = 21)
Métal de transition Bloc d Groupe 3 Période 4 Solide (CNTP)
Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.
Découvreur : Lars Fredrik Nilson
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 44,96 u
- Densité
- 2,985 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- 1 814,0 K
- Point d'ébullition
- 3 109,0 K
- Chaleur molaire
- 25,52 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 1,360
- Affinité électronique
- 18,00 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 633 ; 1 235 ; 2 389 ; 7 091 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Ar] 3d1 4s2
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 9 · N : 2
- Aspect
- silvery white
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 792 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 44,00 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 44,956 u et à l'isotope dominant 45Sc. Coefficient k(Z) = 1,083 · multiple de 18
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (29)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35Sc | 35 | 14 | 35,029093 | — | stable | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 36Sc | 36 | 15 | 36,017338 | — | stable | — | — | |
| 37Sc | 37 | 16 | 37,004058 | — | stable | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 38Sc | 38 | 17 | 37,995438 | — | stable | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 39Sc | 39 | 18 | 38,984785 | — | stable | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 40Sc | 40 | 19 | 39,977967 | — | 182.3 ms | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 41Sc | 41 | 20 | 40,969251 | — | 596.3 ms | 7/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 42Sc | 42 | 21 | 41,965517 | — | 680.72 ms | 0 | ⁺ | — |
| 43Sc | 43 | 22 | 42,961150 | — | 3.891 h | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 44Sc | 44 | 23 | 43,959403 | — | 4.0421 h | 2 | ⁺ | — |
| 45Sc | 45 | 24 | 44,955907 | 100,0000 | stable | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 46Sc | 46 | 25 | 45,955167 | — | 83.757 j | 4 | ⁺ | — |
| 47Sc | 47 | 26 | 46,952402 | — | 3.3492 j | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 48Sc | 48 | 27 | 47,952223 | — | 43.67 h | 6 | ⁺ | — |
| 49Sc | 49 | 28 | 48,950013 | — | 57.18 min | 7/2 | ⁻ | N magique |
| 50Sc | 50 | 29 | 49,952187 | — | 102.5 s | 5 | ⁺ | — |
| 51Sc | 51 | 30 | 50,953569 | — | 12.4 s | 7/2 | — | |
| 52Sc | 52 | 31 | 51,956496 | — | 8.2 s | 3 | — | |
| 53Sc | 53 | 32 | 52,958379 | — | 2.4 s | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 54Sc | 54 | 33 | 53,963029 | — | 526 ms | 3 | — | |
| 55Sc | 55 | 34 | 54,966890 | — | 96 ms | 7/2 | — | |
| 56Sc | 56 | 35 | 55,972608 | — | 26 ms | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 57Sc | 57 | 36 | 56,977048 | — | 22 ms | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 58Sc | 58 | 37 | 57,983382 | — | 12 ms | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 59Sc | 59 | 38 | 58,988374 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 60Sc | 60 | 39 | 59,995115 | — | — | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 61Sc | 61 | 40 | 61,000537 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
| 62Sc | 62 | 41 | 62,007848 | — | — | — | — | |
| 63Sc | 63 | 42 | 63,014031 | — | — | 7/2 | ⁻ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.