Phosphore (P, Z = 15)
Non-métal polyatomique Bloc p Groupe 15 Période 3 Solide (CNTP)
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.
Découvreur : Hennig Brand
Propriétés physiques
- Masse atomique standard
- 30,97 u
- Densité
- 1,823 g/cm³
- Point de fusion
- —
- Point d'ébullition
- —
- Chaleur molaire
- 23,82 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Électronégativité (Pauling)
- 2,190
- Affinité électronique
- 72,04 kJ/mol
- Énergies d'ionisation
- 1 012 ; 1 907 ; 2 914 ; 4 964 kJ/mol
- Configuration électronique
- [Ne] 3s2 3p3
- Électrons par couche
- K : 2 · L : 8 · M : 5
- Aspect
- colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Correspondance ANU historique / conjectural
Comptage de la Chimie Occulte (1908) : 558 ANU (atomes ultimes), soit N/18 = 31,00 — masse « noologique » à comparer à la masse standard 30,974 u et à l'isotope dominant 31P. Coefficient k(Z) = 1,129 · multiple de 18
Matériel historique et conjectural — voir la page Pont ANU ↔ Nucléides.
Isotopes (24)
| Nucléide | A | N | Masse (u) | Abondance (%) | Demi-vie | Spin | Parité | Magique |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24P | 24 | 9 | 24,036522 | — | stable | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 25P | 25 | 10 | 25,021675 | — | stable | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 26P | 26 | 11 | 26,011780 | — | 43.6 ms | 3 | — | |
| 27P | 27 | 12 | 26,999292 | — | 260 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 28P | 28 | 13 | 27,992326 | — | 270.3 ms | 3 | ⁺ | — |
| 29P | 29 | 14 | 28,981800 | — | 4.102 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 30P | 30 | 15 | 29,978313 | — | 2.5 min | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 31P | 31 | 16 | 30,973762 | 100,0000 | stable | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 32P | 32 | 17 | 31,973908 | — | 14.269 j | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 33P | 33 | 18 | 32,971726 | — | 25.35 j | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 34P | 34 | 19 | 33,973646 | — | 12.43 s | 1 | ⁺ | — |
| 35P | 35 | 20 | 34,973314 | — | 47.3 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 36P | 36 | 21 | 35,978260 | — | 5.6 s | 4 | ⁻ | — |
| 37P | 37 | 22 | 36,979607 | — | 2.31 s | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 38P | 38 | 23 | 37,984303 | — | 640 ms | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 39P | 39 | 24 | 38,986286 | — | 282 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 40P | 40 | 25 | 39,991262 | — | 150 ms | 2 | ⁻ | — |
| 41P | 41 | 26 | 40,994654 | — | 101 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 42P | 42 | 27 | 42,001172 | — | 48.5 ms | — | — | |
| 43P | 43 | 28 | 43,005411 | — | 35.8 ms | 1/2 | ⁺ | N magique |
| 44P | 44 | 29 | 44,011927 | — | 18.5 ms | — | — | |
| 45P | 45 | 30 | 45,017134 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
| 46P | 46 | 31 | 46,024520 | — | — | — | — | |
| 47P | 47 | 32 | 47,030929 | — | — | 1/2 | ⁺ | — |
Liseré coloré en première colonne : vert = stable, jaune = demi-vie > 1 an, orange > 1 jour, rouge < 1 jour.